Syria’s 4th Division: A Threat to Stability
Syria’s 4th Division has grown beyond its origins as a military cohort to become a parastate whose illicit economic activities and broad influence make it a threat to domestic and regional security.
Annsar Shahhoud focuses on state violence in Syria in her research. She holds a bachelor’s degree in law and received her master’s degree in Holocaust and Genocide Studies from the joint master’s program of the University of Amsterdam and the NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Shahhoud’s most recent publications include “Medical Génocidaires in the Syrian Civil War (2011-2019)” in the Journal of Genocide Research and the New Lines Magazine reportage piece “How a Massacre of Nearly 300 in Syria was Revealed,” co-authored with Uğur Ümit Üngör. She also has field experience working with humanitarian organizations such as Doctors Without Borders.
Syria’s 4th Division has grown beyond its origins as a military cohort to become a parastate whose illicit economic activities and broad influence make it a threat to domestic and regional security.